Andrographis paniculata (Andrographis) is a well-established herbal medicine, widely used in Australia (and around the world) to support immune health and help relieve symptoms of mild fever, common cold and sore throat.
It has a long history of traditional use spanning more than two thousand years and continues to be supported by a substantial body of modern scientific research.
For many Australians, Andrographis-containing medicines form part of their winter self-care. The herbal ingredient is used in around 100 Australian medicines and is widely sold in supermarkets, health food stores and pharmacies.
Unlike many over-the-counter cold and flu products that focus on single symptoms, Andrographis supports immune system function while also helping to relieve multiple respiratory symptoms.
In recent years, Andrographis has attracted media attention following Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) safety advisories relating to rare allergic and anaphylactic reactions. While any report of a significant adverse reaction must be taken seriously, it is important that public discussion is grounded in context, evidence and proportionate risk management.
A long history of use and modern scientific support
Andrographis has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine, as well as traditional systems across South and Southeast Asia. Traditionally, it has been used for fever, sore throat, respiratory and inflammatory conditions and gastrointestinal complaints.
Modern pharmacological research has identified a component of Andrographis, andrographolide, as a key active compound, alongside other diterpenoids and flavonoids that work together to deliver anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. These mechanisms help explain Andrographis’ role in supporting immune responses during common, self-limiting respiratory illnesses.
Clinical research, including systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials, shows that standardised Andrographis extracts can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms such as cough and sore throat in uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections.
A rare but recognised allergy risk
Anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions are well-recognised risks across a wide range of foods, medicines and other consumer goods that Australians use every day, including peanuts, shellfish, eggs, penicillin, silicone, bee products and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In this broader context, allergic reactions to Andrographis remain very rare.
Australian adverse event data indicate that reports of anaphylaxis linked to Andrographis represent a very small proportion of all medicine-related anaphylaxis cases.
It is important to note that the overall incidence of anaphylaxis in Australia has been increasing across all causes over the past decade, reflecting a wider public health trend rather than an issue unique to Andrographis.
Strong regulatory oversight and clear consumer warnings
Australia has arguably the most robust regulatory systems for complementary medicines in the world. Since 2019, products containing Andrographis that are listed on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) have been required to carry a mandatory allergy warning.
Australian-regulated medicines (which can be identified by the presence of an AUST L, AUST LA or AUST R number on the label) must include a warning such as: “Andrographis may cause allergic reactions in some people. If you have a severe reaction (such as anaphylaxis), stop use and seek immediate medical attention” (or words to that effect).
Many companies have voluntarily strengthened the prominence of this warning, recognising that clear labelling and consumer education are the most effective ways to manage rare allergy risks.
Informed use is the key to safety
Consumers are encouraged to always read the label, follow directions for use, and choose Australian-regulated complementary medicines carrying an AUST L, AUST LA or AUST R number. That way you know the product is regulated by the TGA.
Consumers should be alert to the possibility of allergic reactions to any medicine, and seek immediate medical attention if symptoms of a severe allergic reaction occur.
And as always, if you have any questions or concerns, consult your healthcare professional.
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